Chinese investors, who have played a crucial role in Ethiopia’s economic development, are increasingly shifting their business operations to neighboring countries such as Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania. With investments exceeding $5 billion across more than 2,000 projects, Chinese companies have been central to Ethiopia’s industrial growth. However, various obstacles have prompted many of these businesses to look beyond Ethiopia’s borders, sparking concerns from both the Chinese Embassy and Ethiopian authorities about the potential impact on the nation’s economy.
By mid-2024, Chinese companies had provided approximately 610,000 jobs in Ethiopia, contributing significantly to the country’s modernization efforts. However, a representative from the Chinese Embassy voiced serious concerns over the recent exodus of investors. “Several factors have led Chinese businesses to relocate to neighboring countries,” the official explained. “This shift is a major concern, not just for the embassy but also for Ethiopia, as we aim to promote continued cooperation between the two nations.”
Hanna Arayaselassie, Commissioner of the Ethiopian Investment Commission (EIC), acknowledged these difficulties during the Ethio-China Friendship Cooperation Forum held earlier this year. She highlighted that while efforts to strengthen trade and investment ties between Ethiopia and China have shown promise, the current business environment remains a challenge for many foreign investors.
According to Andy Wu, a representative of Chinese investors in Ethiopia, several pressing issues have caused significant disruptions to business operations. “Ethiopia is facing serious difficulties,” Wu said. “Key concerns include security challenges, a shortage of foreign currency, and a limited market for goods.” He also pointed out ongoing tax-related complications: “Dealing with customs is particularly frustrating, and once products are delivered, the feedback from customers is often negative.”
In addition to these domestic issues, global trade challenges have further complicated the situation for investors. The ongoing security concerns in Ethiopia have disrupted international freight and logistics, making it increasingly difficult for businesses to operate smoothly.
Despite these hurdles, Wu emphasized the need for greater understanding between Chinese investors and the Ethiopian public. “It’s important for Ethiopians—both government officials and the general public—to understand the business mindset of Chinese investors and recognize the value we bring to the country,” Wu noted.
While some Chinese companies remain committed to Ethiopia, they are facing an increasingly uncertain landscape. Chinese investments currently make up the largest share of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the country, surpassing other major contributors like Saudi Arabia and Turkey.
However, persistent insecurity and political instability—largely driven by ethnic conflicts—have dampened investor confidence. The aftermath of the conflict in northern Ethiopia, which ended in November 2022, coupled with ongoing violence in regions like Oromia and Amhara, has significantly reduced FDI inflows.
Although Chinese businesses have been instrumental in Ethiopia’s economic progress, their growing interest in other countries highlights the urgent need for reforms. Ethiopia must prioritize improving security, reducing bureaucratic obstacles, and fostering open dialogue with foreign investors if it hopes to maintain its position as a key destination for investment and ensure continued economic growth.
